ISSN (print) 1997-6933     ISSN (online) 2500-2139
Vol. 16 No. 1 (2023), MYELOID TUMORS
Vol. 16 No. 1 (2023)
MYELOID TUMORS

Asciminib in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Without Therapeutic Alternatives: Results of the MAP (Managed Access Program, NCT04360005) Trial in Russia

Published 20.02.2024
A.G. Turkina
National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167
A.V. Kokhno
National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167
N.N. Tsyba
National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167
M.A. Gurianova
National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167
E.I. Sbityakova
VA Almazov National Medical Research Center, 2 Akkuratova ul., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
A.V. Bykova
National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167
I.S. Nemchenko
ФГБУ «НМИЦ гематологии» Минздрава России, Новый Зыковский пр-д, д. 4, Москва, Российская Федерация, 125167
Yu.Yu. Vlasova
RM Gorbacheva Scientific Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; IP Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 6/8 L’va Tolstogo ul., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197022
T.V. Chitanava
VA Almazov National Medical Research Center, 2 Akkuratova ul., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
A.N. Petrova
National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167
O.A. Shukhov
National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167
E.Yu. Chelysheva
National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167
E.V. Morozova
RM Gorbacheva Scientific Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation; IP Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 6/8 L’va Tolstogo ul., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197022
E.G. Lomaia
VA Almazov National Medical Research Center, 2 Akkuratova ul., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
Elena Andreevna Kuzmina
National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167
E.N. Parovichnikova
National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167
2023-1
PDF_2023-16-1_54-68 (Russian)

Keywords

chronic myeloid leukemia
asciminib
resistance
third-line therapy
managed access program

How to Cite

Turkina A.G., Kokhno A.V., Tsyba N.N., Gurianova M.A., Sbityakova E.I., Bykova A.V., Nemchenko I.S., Vlasova Y.Y., Chitanava T.V., Petrova A.N., Shukhov O.A., Chelysheva E.Y., Morozova E.V., Lomaia E.G., Kuzmina E.A., Parovichnikova E.N. Asciminib in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Without Therapeutic Alternatives: Results of the MAP (Managed Access Program, NCT04360005) Trial in Russia. Clinical Oncohematology. 2024;(1):54–68. doi:10.21320/2500-2139-2023-16-1-54-68.
ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver AMA ГОСТ

Download Citation

Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Keywords

Abstract

Aim. To assess the efficacy and tolerability of asciminib in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients after failure of ≥ 2 lines of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy under the МАР (Managed Access Program, NCT04360005) in Russia.

Materials & Methods. The study enrolled 68 patients with Ph-positive CML chronic phase (CF), over 18 years of age, after failure of ≥ 2 lines of TKI therapy. The analysis was conducted on data from 50 patients who were followed-up for at least 3 months and did not undergo allo-HSCT. Dosing regimens were prescribed depending on T315I mutation. Asciminib 200 mg per os was administered twice a day to 20 patients with this mutation, and asciminib 40 mg per os was administered twice a day to 30 patients without this mutation. By the time of admission into the MAP, there were 42 (82 %) CF CML patients as well as 8 patients with second CF after accelerated phase (AF, n = 7) and myeloid blast crisis (BC, n = 1). None of them could be treated with any therapeutic alternative. 92 % of patients had received ≥ 3 lines of prior TKI therapy. Overall survival (OS) and discontinuation-free survival were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. A cumulative incidence function (CIF) was used to calculate the probability of achieving response. Multivariate analysis was based on Cox regression model.

Results. The median asciminib treatment duration was 11 months (range 4–30 months). The probable 2-year OS was 96 %. After 12 and 24 months, discontinuation-free survival was 92 % and 70 %, respectively. On asciminib therapy, complete cytogenetic (CCyR/МR2), major molecular (MMR), and deep molecular (MR4) responses were achieved in 17 (42 %), 14 (30 %), and 9 (19 %) patients who had not responded to prior treatment at the point of enrollment. After completing the 12- and 24-month therapy, the probability of CCyR/МR2 achievement was 44 % and 62 %, that of MMR achievement was 32 % and 40 %, and that of MR4 achievement was 26 % and 37 %, respectively. The patients treated with different doses did not significantly differ in achieving either CCyR/МR2 or MMR. By multivariate analysis, the independently significant factor impacting the probability of achieving MMR on asciminib treatment was the best MR (BCR::ABL1 < 1 % vs. 1–10 % vs. ≥ 10 %) after prior TKI therapy (hazard ratio 7.5873; p = 0.0072). In 22 (44 %) patients, adverse events (AEs) of all grades were observed, and 8 (16 %) patients showed AEs grade 3/4 (predominantly thrombocythemia and neutropenia). None of the patients discontinued asciminib treatment due to AEs.

Conclusion. Asciminib demonstrated highly promising efficacy in previously TKI-treated patients with T315I mutation (200 mg BID) and without it (40 mg BID). Asciminib can be regarded as therapeutic option after failure of other TKIs. Different doses of asciminib were equally well tolerated, which makes it applicable for patients with intolerance to other TKIs and also provides ground for considering dose increases in non-responders. Good prospects are also expected for studying asciminib efficacy at earlier treatment stages (in first or second lines) as well as in combination with ATP-binding TKIs in CML patients with insufficient response to TKI treatment.

PDF_2023-16-1_54-68 (Russian)

References

  1. Hochhaus A, Larson RA, Guilhot F, et al. Long-term outcomes of imatinib treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(10):917–27. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1609324.
  2. Hochhaus A, Saglio G, Hughes TP, et al. Long-term benefits and risks of frontline nilotinib vs imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase: 5-year update of the randomized ENESTnd trial. 2016;30(5):1044–54. doi: 10.1038/leu.2016.5.
  3. Cortes JE, Saglio G, Kantarjian HM, et al. Final 5-Year Study Results of DASISION: The Dasatinib Versus Imatinib Study in Treatment-Naive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(20):2333–40. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.64.8899.
  4. Cortes JE, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Deininger MW, et al. Bosutinib Versus Imatinib for Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Results From the Randomized BFORE Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(3):231–7. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2017.74.7162.
  5. Giles FJ, le Coutre PD, Pinilla-Ibarz J, et al. Nilotinib in imatinib-resistant or imatinib-intolerant patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase: 48-month follow-up results of a phase II study. 2013;27(1):107–12. doi: 10.1038/leu.2012.181.
  6. Shah NP, Rousselot P, Schiffer C, et al. Dasatinib in imatinib-resistant or -intolerant chronic-phase, chronic myeloid leukemia patients: 7-year follow-up of study CA180-034. Am J Hematol. 2016;91(9):869–74. doi: 10.1002/ajh.24423.
  7. Gambacorti-Passerini C, Cortes JE, Lipton JH, et al. Safety and efficacy of second-line bosutinib for chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia over a five-year period: Final results of a phase I/II study. 2018;103(8):1298–307. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2017.171249.
  8. Garcia-Gutierrez V, Hernandez-Boluda JC. Current treatment options for chronic myeloid leukemia patients failing second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Clin Med. 2020;9(7):2251. doi: 10.3390/jcm9072251.
  9. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Version 1.2023. Available from: www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/cml.pdf (accessed 25.09.2022).
  10. Hochhaus A, Baccarani M, Silver RT, et al. European LeukemiaNet 2020 recommendations for treating chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2020;34(4):966–84. doi: 10.1038/s41375-020-0776-2.
  11. Cortes J, Lang F. Third-line therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia: current status and future directions. J Hematol Oncol. 2021;14(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s13045-021-01055-9.
  12. Hochhaus A, Breccia M, Saglio G, et al. Expert opinion-management of chronic myeloid leukemia after resistance to second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Leukemia. 2020;34(6):1495–502. doi: 10.1038/s41375-020-0842-9.
  13. Garg RJ, Kantarjian H, O’Brien S, et al. The use of nilotinib or dasatinib after failure to 2 prior tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Long-term follow-up. 2009;114(20):4361–8. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-05-221531.
  14. Cortes JE, Khoury HJ, Kantarjian HM, et al. Long-term bosutinib for chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia after failure of imatinib plus dasatinib and/or nilotinib. Am J Hematol. 2016;91(12):1206–14. doi: 10.1002/ajh.24536.
  15. Ibrahim A, Paliompeis C, Bua M, et al. Efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as third-line therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase who have failed 2 prior lines of TKI therapy. Blood. 2010;116(25):5497–500. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-06-291922.
  16. Cortes J, Apperley J, Lomaia E, et al. Ponatinib dose-ranging study in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia: a randomized, open-label phase 2 clinical trial. Blood. 2021;138(21):2042–50. doi: 10.1182/blood.2021012082.
  17. Cortes J, Kim D-W, Pinilla-Ibarz J, et al. Ponatinib efficacy and safety in Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia: final 5-year results of the phase 2 PACE trial. Blood. 2018;132(4):393–404. doi: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-739086.
  18. Garcia-Gutierrez V, Cortes J, Deininger MW, et al. The OPTIC study: a multi-center, randomized phase 2 trial with response-based dose reduction to evaluate three starting doses of ponatinib. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2016;16:S59–S60. doi: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.07.086.
  19. Breccia M, Pregno P, Spallarossa P, et al. Identification, prevention and management of cardiovascular risk in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients candidate to ponatinib: an expert opinion. Ann Hematol. 2017;96(4):549–58. doi: 10.1007/s00277-016-2820-x.
  20. Chan O, Talati C, Isenalumhe L, et al. Side-effects profile and outcomes of ponatinib in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv. 2020;4(3):530–8. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000268.
  21. Soverini S, Hochhaus A, Nicolini FE, et al. BCR-ABL kinase domain mutation analysis in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Recommendations from an expert panel on behalf of European LeukemiaNet. 2011;118(5):1208–15. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-326405.
  22. Redaelli S, Mologni L, Rostagno R, et al. Three novel patient-derived BCR/ABL mutants show different sensitivity to second and third generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Am J Hematol. 2012;87(11):E125–8. doi: 10.1002/ajh.23338.
  23. Wylie AA, Schoepfer J, Jahnke W, et al. The allosteric inhibitor ABL001 enables dual targeting of BCR-ABL1. Nature. 2017;543(7647):733–7. doi: 10.1038/nature21702.
  24. Hughes TP, Mauro MJ, Cortes JE, et al. Asciminib in chronic myeloid leukemia after ABL kinase inhibitor failure. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(24):2315–26. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1902328.
  25. Manley PW, Barys L, Cowan-Jacob SW. The specificity of asciminib, a potential treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia, as a myristate-pocket binding ABL inhibitor and analysis of its interactions with mutant forms of BCR-ABL1 kinase. Leuk Res. 2020;98:106458. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106458.
  26. Rea D, Mauro MJ, Boquimpani C, et al. A phase 3, open-label, randomized study of asciminib, a STAMP inhibitor, vs bosutinib in CML after 2 or more prior TKIs. 2021;138(21):2031–41. doi: 10.1182/blood.2020009984.
  27. Cortes JE, Hughes TP, Mauro M, et al. Asciminib, a First-in-Class STAMP Inhibitor, Provides Durable Molecular Response in Patients (pts) with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Harboring the T315I Mutation: Primary Efficacy and Safety Results from a Phase 1 Trial. Blood. 2020;136(Suppl 1):47–50. doi: 10.1182/blood-2020-139677.
  28. Shukhov O, Turkina A, Lomaia E, et al. Asciminib managed-access program (MAP) in Russia. EHA Library. 2022;357580: Abstract P718.
  29. Hochhaus A, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Abboud C, et al. Bosutinib for pretreated patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia: primary results of the phase 4 BYOND study. Leukemia. 2020;34(8):2125–37. doi: 10.1038/s41375-020-0915-9.
  30. Hughes TP, Cortes JE, Rea D, et al. Asciminib Provides Durable Molecular Responses in Patients (pts) With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase (CML-CP) With the T315I Mutation: Updated Efficacy and Safety Data from a Phase I Trial. EHA Library. 2022;357566: Abstract P704.
  31. Ассоциация онкологов России, Национальное гематологическое общество. Хронический миелолейкоз: клинические рекомендации [электронный документ]. Доступно по: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/142_1. Ссылка активна на09.2022.
  32. [Russian Oncology Association, National Society for Hematology. Chronic myeloid leukemia: clinical guidelines. (Internet) Available from: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/142_1. Accessed 22.09.2022. (In Russ)]
  33. Rea D, Mauro MJ, Hochhaus A, et al. Efficacy and safety results from ASCEMBL, a phase 3 study of asciminib versus bosutinib (BOS) in patients (pts) with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) after ≥ 2 prior tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs): Week 96 update. J Clin Oncol. 2022;40(16_Suppl): Abstract 7004.
  34. Garcia-Gutierrez V, Luna A, Alonso-Dominguez JM, et al. Safety and efficacy of asciminib treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia patients in real-life clinical practice. Blood Cancer J. 2021;11(2):16. doi: 10.1038/s41408-021-00420-8.
  35. Кузьмина Е.А., Челышева Е.Ю., Немченко И.С. и др. Характеристика гематологической токсичности и эффективность лечения у больных хроническим миелолейкозом при терапии аллостерическим ингибитором BCR::ABL1-тирозинкиназы асциминибом. Гематология и трансфузиология. 2022;67(S2):233–4.
  36. [Kuzmina EA, Chelysheva EYu, Nemchenko IS, et al. Characterization of hematologic toxicity and therapy efficacy in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with allosteric BCR::ABL1-tyrosine kinase inhibitor Gematologiya i transfuziologiya. 2022;67(S2):233–4. (In Russ)]
  37. Breccia M, Russo Rossi AV, Martino B, et al Asciminib Italian managed access program: efficacy profile in heavily pre-treated CML patients. EHA Library. 2022;357574: Abstract P712.
  38. Innes A, Orovboni V, Claudiani S, et al. Asciminib use in CML: The UK Experience. EHA Library. 2022;357568: Abstract P706.
  39. Kockerols CCB, Janssen JJWM, Blijlevens NMA, et al. Clinical outcome of asciminib treatment in a real-world multi-resistant CML patient population. EHA Library. 2022;357571: Abstract P709.
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2023 Clinical Oncohematology