ISSN (print) 1997-6933     ISSN (online) 2500-2139
Vol. 18 No. 1 (2025), LYMPHOID TUMORS
Vol. 18 No. 1 (2025)
LYMPHOID TUMORS

The Prognostic Value of the Galectin-1 Expression by Tumor Plasma Cells and the Concentration of Some Serum Cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, TNF) in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Multiple Myeloma

Published 01.01.2025
Zhanna Mikhailovna Kozich
Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, 290 Ilicha ul., Gomel, Republic of Belarus, 246040
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-6650
V.N. Martinkov
Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, 290 Ilicha ul., Gomel, Republic of Belarus, 246040
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7029-5500
D.A. Zinovkin
Gomel State Medical University, 5 Lange ul., Gomel, Republic of Belarus, 246000
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3808-8832
Zh.N. Pugacheva
Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, 290 Ilicha ul., Gomel, Republic of Belarus, 246040
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0310-5532
N.N. Klimkovich
Belarus State Medical University, Institute for Advanced Training and Retraining of Health Personnel, 3 korp. 3 P. Brovki ul., Minsk, Republic of Belarus, 220013
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-3952
2025-1
PDF_2025-18-1-65-72 (Russian)

Keywords

galectin-1
interleukin-2
interleukin-6
tumor necrosis factor
monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
multiple myeloma
progression
prognosis

How to Cite

Kozich Z.M., Martinkov V.N., Zinovkin D.A., Pugacheva Z.N., Klimkovich N.N. The Prognostic Value of the Galectin-1 Expression by Tumor Plasma Cells and the Concentration of Some Serum Cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, TNF) in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Multiple Myeloma. Clinical Oncohematology. 2025;(1):65–72. doi:10.21320/2500-2139-2025-18-1-65-72.
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Abstract

AIM. To study the prognostic value of the galectin-1 expression by bone marrow (BM) tumor plasma cells (PCs) and the concentration of serum cytokines (interleukins [IL-2, IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (ММ).

MATERIALS & METHODS. The trial enrolled 129 patients: 77 patients with newly diagnosed MM (median age 64 years) and 52 patients with MGUS (median age 62.5 years) followed-up at the Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology from 2018 to 2023. All patients underwent general clinical examination as well as BM aspirate cytology with myelogram and iliac BM core biopsy with immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of BM biopsy.

RESULTS. In the BM biopsy, the IHC analysis revealed a significant increase of galectin-1 expression (measured by expressing tumor PC count) in MM vs. MGUS patients (p < 0.001). Galectin-1 expression defined as expressing tumor PC count was significantly higher in patients with progressing MGUS compared to progression-free MM patients (p < 0.001). The median galectin-1 expression level was 8.5 % (Q25 0.2 %; Q75 15.7 %) in progression-free MGUS patients and 37.4 % (Q25 24.7 %; Q75 64.0 %) in progressing MGUS patients. Among MM patients, no significant differences were identified either in those with and without tumor progression. The IHC analysis of BM core biopsies in MM patients showed that high galectin-1 expression level is associated with pronounced vasculature but not with fibrotic changes, it also identified an increase in serum concentrations of IL-2 and TNF as well as a direct correlation with β2-microglobulin level. With MGUS progression into ММ, there was a direct correlation between galectin-1 expression level and serum M-protein. An increase of IL-2 concentration was registered only when MGUS progressed into ММ.

CONCLUSION. The results of this study indicate the evidence of a high level of galectin-1 expression by tumor PCs in MM. In MGUS, an increase of galectin-1 expression by clonal BM PCs was associated with the disease progression. Galectin-1 expression by clonal BM PCs can well be clinically used as a marker for MGUS progression into MM.

PDF_2025-18-1-65-72 (Russian)

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