Распространенность и прогностическая значимость костных и экстрамедуллярных плазмоцитом у пациентов с впервые диагностированной множественной миеломой: данные проспективного популяционного исследования

Максим Валерьевич Соловьев; Л. П. Менделеева; М. В. Соловьева; О. С. Самойлова; И. Л. Давыдкин; Т. А. Гриценко; К. Д. Капланов; Т. С. Капорская; Т. В. Шелехова; Е. М. Володичева; Т. И. Поспелова; Н. В. Скворцова; С. С. Беляева; Е. О. Грибанова; И. М. Накастоев; И. Г. Рехтина; Н. Н. Рачкова; М. Я. Киселева; А. А. Амдиев; Т. С. Константинова; Г. Р. Гайнуллина; Г. Б. Кучма; С. А. Лебеденко; М. Т. Савинова; С. М. Осюнихина; Е. В. Мартынова; В. И. Бахтина; С. Н. Меньшакова; Е. А. Филатова; Т. И. Ксензова; И. И. Шакиров; О. Е. Очирова; А. Н. Алексеева; Е. В. Воронова; В. З. Молостова; Н. Н. Глонина; И. С. Верхогляд; М. В. Фролова; О. А. Дианова; М. В. Косинова; Т. И. Ольховик; М. А. Михалев; Т. М. Сычева; Ж. А. Давыдова; И. А. Новокрещенова; Ю. А. Дунаев; Т. В. Чагорова; М. А. Кунст; Е. Н. Зотина; М. Н. Козьмина; В. А. Лапин; А. С. Гвоздарева; Е. Г. Кириллова; Я. Д. Цинченко; Н. Д. Байгишиева; Е. В. Тарасенко; Е. В. Патракова; Е. А. Борисенкова; Е. Е. Зинина; Н. Б. Попова; Н. И. Степанова; О. Л. Пантелеева; А. А. Шутылев; Н. Б. Есефьева; И. С. Соколова

doi:10.21320/2500-2139-2026-19-3-264-274

Incidence and Prognostic Value of Bone and Extramedullary Plasmacytomas in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: Data from a Prospective Population-Based Study

Maksim Valerevich Solovev, L.P. Mendeleeva, M.V. Soloveva, O.S. Samoilova, I.L. Davydkin, T.A. Gritcenko, K.D. Kaplanov, T.S. Kaporskaya, T.V. Shelekhova, E.M. Volodicheva, T.I. Pospelova, N.V. Skvortsova, S.S. Belyaeva, E.O. Gribanova, I.M. Nakastoev, I.G. Rekhtina, N.N. Rachkova, M.Ya. Kiseleva, A.A. Amdiev, T.S. Konstantinova, G.R. Gainullina, G.B. Kuchma, S.A. Lebedenko, M.T. Savinova, S.M. Osyunikhina, E.V. Martynova, V.I. Bakhtina, S.N. Menshakova, E.A. Filatova, T.I. Ksenzova, I.I. Shakirov, O.E. Ochirova, A.N. Alekseeva, E.V. Voronova, V.Z. Molostova, N.N. Glonina, I.S. Verkhoglyad, M.V. Frolova, O.A. Dianova, M.V. Kosinova, T.I. Olkhovik, M.A. Mikhalev, T.M. Sycheva, Zh.A. Davydova, I.A. Novokreshchenova, Yu.A. Dunaev, T.V. Chagorova, M.A. Kunst, E.N. Zotina, M.N. Kozmina, V.A. Lapin, A.S. Gvozdareva, E.G. Kirillova, Ya.D. Tsinchenko, N.D. Baigishieva, E.V. Tarasenko, E.V. Patrakova, E.A. Borisenkova, E.E. Zinina, N.B. Popova, N.I. Stepanova, O.L. Panteleeva, A.A. Shutylev, N.B. Esefyeva, I.S. Sokolova,

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21320/2500-2139-2026-19-3-264-274

Abstract Authors References

BACKGROUND. The etiology of plasmacytomas in multiple myeloma (MM) remains unclear, whereas the pathogenetic mechanisms of extramedullary lesions are of particular importance because of extremely poor prognosis. The incidence of bone and extramedullary plasmacytomas complicating the course of MM as well as the efficacy of therapy for this disease are still underresearched.

AIM. To assess the incidence of bone and extramedullary plasmacytomas in patients with newly diagnosed MM (ndMM) and analyze the overall survival (OS) rates depending on whether soft-tissue components were detected.

MATERIALS & METHODS. This multi-center prospective study enrolled 3184 ndMM patients (1339 men and 1845 women) from 40 regions of Russia, aged 24–90 years and treated during the period from January 2015 to October 2018. The electronic patient records included demographic, clinical, laboratory, and instrumental documentation data accessible on MM diagnosis date. Bortezomib-based regimens were administered in the first-line therapy to 94 % of patients.

RESULTS. Bone and extramedullary plasmacytomas were diagnosed in 763 (24 %) out of 3184 ndMM patients. At disease onset, the median hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in patients with bone (105 g/L) and extramedullary (102 g/L) plasmacytomas than in patients without them (95 g/L; p < 0.05). The median percentage of plasma cells in the bone marrow was significantly lower in cases of bone plasmacytoma accounting for 25 % vs. 30 % in cases of extramedullary components, and it was 31 % in patients without plasmacytomas at MM onset (p < 0.05). Most commonly, plasmacytomas were detected in the thoracic spine (24.3 %; n = 132) and ribs (13.6 %; n = 74). The median OS of patients without plasmacytomas was 46 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 43–49 months) vs. 38 months (95% CI 42–46 months) in patients with them (p = 0.1245). The median OS was 17 months (95% CI 10–35 months) in patients with extramedullary plasmacytomas and 13 months (95% CI 1–69 months) if soft-tissue components were detected in the bones of the lower extremities.

CONCLUSION. The course of ndMM is complicated by bone plasmacytomas in 23 % of cases and extramedullary plasmacytomas in 1 % of cases. The antitumor response rate as well as the OS rates are similar in patients with and without bone plasmacytomas. Extramedullary lesions in MM are associated with extremely low rate of OS with the median not exceeding 17 months.

Maksim Valerevich Solovev National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7944-6202 (unauthenticated)
L.P. Mendeleeva National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4966-8146 (unauthenticated)
M.V. Soloveva National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4142-171X (unauthenticated)
O.S. Samoilova NA Semashko Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital, 190 Rodionova ul., Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, 603093 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-7704 (unauthenticated)
I.L. Davydkin Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaya ul., Samara, Russian Federation, 443099 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4318-4247 (unauthenticated)
T.A. Gritcenko Samara State Medical University, 89 Chapaevskaya ul., Samara, Russian Federation, 443099 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-5122 (unauthenticated)
K.D. Kaplanov SP Botkin Moscow Multispecialty Research Clinical Center, 5 2-i Botkinskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125284 (during the data collection period – Volgograd Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary, 78 Zemlyachki ul., Volgograd, Russian Federation, 400138) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6574-0518 (unauthenticated)
T.S. Kaporskaya Irkutsk Regional Clinical Hospital, 100 Yubileinyi mikroraion, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, 664049
T.V. Shelekhova VI Razumovskii Saratov State Medical University, 112 Bolshaya Kazachya ul., Saratov, Russian Federation, 410012 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4737-7695 (unauthenticated)
E.M. Volodicheva Klinika Semeinaya Region No. 2, 1 Zavodskoi pr-d, Ryazan, Russian Federation, 390013 (during the data collection period – Tula Regional Clinical Hospital, 58 F. Engelsa ul., Tula, Russian Federation, 300053) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3011-9729 (unauthenticated)
T.I. Pospelova Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 2, 21 Polzunova ul., Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630051 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1261-5470 (unauthenticated)
N.V. Skvortsova Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 2, 21 Polzunova ul., Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630051 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6938-3802 (unauthenticated)
S.S. Belyaeva Saint Joasaph Belgorod Regional Clinical Hospital, 8/9 Nekrasova ul., Belgorod, Russian Federation, 308007
E.O. Gribanova National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167
I.M. Nakastoev National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167
I.G. Rekhtina National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-4340 (unauthenticated)
N.N. Rachkova Bryansk Regional Hospital No. 1, 86 Stanke Dimitrova pr-t, Bryansk, Russian Federation, 241050
M.Ya. Kiseleva NA Semashko Republican Clinical Hospital, 69 Kievskaya ul., Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, Russian Federation, 295017
A.A. Amdiev NA Semashko Republican Clinical Hospital, 69 Kievskaya ul., Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, Russian Federation, 295017
T.S. Konstantinova Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, 185 Volgogradskaya ul., Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620102
G.R. Gainullina VI Voinov Orenburg Regional Clinical Hospital, 23 Aksakova ul., Orenburg, Russian Federation, 460018
G.B. Kuchma VI Voinov Orenburg Regional Clinical Hospital, 23 Aksakova ul., Orenburg, Russian Federation, 460018 ; Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya ul., Orenburg, Russian Federation, 460000 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-8859 (unauthenticated)
S.A. Lebedenko VI Voinov Orenburg Regional Clinical Hospital, 23 Aksakova ul., Orenburg, Russian Federation, 460018
M.T. Savinova Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 16, 121 Gagarina ul., Kazan, Russian Federation, 420039
S.M. Osyunikhina Republican Clinical Hospital No. 4, 32 Ulyanova ul., Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, Russian Federation, 430032
E.V. Martynova Krasnoyarsk Krai Clinical Hospital, 3A Partizana Zheleznyaka ul., Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, 660022 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2504-7265 (unauthenticated)
V.I. Bakhtina Krasnoyarsk Krai Clinical Hospital, 3A Partizana Zheleznyaka ul., Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, 660022
S.N. Menshakova Regional Clinical Hospital, 105 Peterburgskoe sh., Tver, Russian Federation, 170036
E.A. Filatova Amurskaya Regional Clinical Hospital, 26 Voronkova ul., Blagoveshchensk, Russian Federation, 675028
T.I. Ksenzova Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, 10 Yuriya Semovskikh ul., Tyumen Russian Federation, 625062
I.I. Shakirov Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, 10 Yuriya Semovskikh ul., Tyumen Russian Federation, 625062
O.E. Ochirova NA Semashko Republican Clinical Hospital, 12 Pavlova ul., Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation, 670031 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0145-3226 (unauthenticated)
A.N. Alekseeva NA Semashko Republican Clinical Hospital, 12 Pavlova ul., Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation, 670031
E.V. Voronova VD Babenko Tambov Regional Clinical Hospital, 29 Moskovskaya ul., Tambov, Russian Federation, 392000
V.Z. Molostova SI Sergeev Krai Clinical Hospital, 9 Krasnodarskaya ul., Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, 680009
N.N. Glonina SI Sergeev Krai Clinical Hospital, 9 Krasnodarskaya ul., Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, 680009
I.S. Verkhoglyad SI Sergeev Krai Clinical Hospital, 9 Krasnodarskaya ul., Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, 680009
M.V. Frolova Vologda Regional Clinical Hospital, 17 Lechebnaya ul., Vologda, Russian Federation, 160002
O.A. Dianova MS Rappoport Kuzbass Clinical Oncology Dispensary, 35 Volgogradskaya ul., Kemerovo, Russian Federation, 650036 (during the data collection period – SV Belyaev Kuzbass Regional Clinical Hospital, 22 korp. 3 Oktyabrskii pr-t, Kemerovo, Russian Federation, 650066)
M.V. Kosinova SV Belyaev Kuzbass Regional Clinical Hospital, 22 korp. 3 Oktyabrskii pr-t, Kemerovo, Russian Federation, 650066
T.I. Olkhovik Krasnoyarsk Interdistrict Clinical Hospital No. 7, 4 Akademika Pavlova ul., Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, 660003
M.A. Mikhalev Krasnoyarsk Interdistrict Clinical Hospital No. 7, 4 Akademika Pavlova ul., Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, 660003
T.M. Sycheva Aleksandro-Mariinskaya Regional Clinical Hospital, 2 Tatishcheva ul., Astrakhan, Russian Federation, 414056
Zh.A. Davydova RZhD-Meditsina Clinical Hospital Smolensk, 15 1-i Krasnoflotskii per., Smolensk, Russian Federation, 214025
I.A. Novokreshchenova RZhD-Meditsina Clinical Hospital Smolensk, 15 1-i Krasnoflotskii per., Smolensk, Russian Federation, 214025
Yu.A. Dunaev Arkhangelsk Regional Clinical Hospital, 292 Lomonosova pr-t, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation, 163045
T.V. Chagorova Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary, 37A Stroitelei pr-t, Penza, Russian Federation, 440071
M.A. Kunst Republican Clinical Hospital, 138 Orenburgskii trakt, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation, 420064
E.N. Zotina IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 korp. 2 Trubetskaya ul., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991 (during the data collection period – Kirov Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 72 Krasnoarmeiskaya ul., Kirov, Russian Federation, 610027)
M.N. Kozmina Polyclinic No. 2, 2 8 Marta ul., Orel, Russian Federation, 302040
V.A. Lapin Regional Clinical Hospital, 7 Yakovlevskaya ul., Yaroslavl, Russian Federation, 150062 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5085-5187 (unauthenticated)
A.S. Gvozdareva Regional Clinical Hospital, 7 Yakovlevskaya ul., Yaroslavl, Russian Federation, 150062
E.G. Kirillova Regional Clinical Hospital, 3 Berezovaya ul., Omsk, Russian Federation, 644111 https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9602-2208 (unauthenticated)
Ya.D. Tsinchenko Regional Clinical Hospital, 3 Berezovaya ul., Omsk, Russian Federation, 644111
N.D. Baigishieva Republican Clinical Hospital, 47 Lyakhova ul., Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, Russian Federation, 367026
E.V. Tarasenko NI Pirogov Municipal Hospital No. 1, 19 Admirala Oktyabrskogo ul., Sevastopol, Russian Federation, 299011
E.V. Patrakova Vologda Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2, 15 Danilova ul., Cherepovets, Russian Federation, 162602
E.A. Borisenkova Kaluga Regional Clinical Hospital, 1 Vishnevskogo ul., Kaluga, Russian Federation, 248007
E.E. Zinina Surgut District Clinical Hospital, 14 Energetikov ul., Surgut, Russian Federation, 628408 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3981-8024 (unauthenticated)
N.B. Popova Surgut District Clinical Hospital, 14 Energetikov ul., Surgut, Russian Federation, 628408 https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2208-3615 (unauthenticated)
N.I. Stepanova Municipal Hospital No. 4, 2A Dokuchaeva ul., Orsk, Russian Federation, 462401
O.L. Panteleeva Regional Clinical Hospital, 41 Sudogodskoe sh., Vladimir, Russian Federation, 600023
A.A. Shutylev Perm Krai Clinical Hospital, 85 Pushkina ul., Perm, Russian Federation, 614990 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2859-4229 (unauthenticated)
N.B. Esefyeva Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Hospital, 7 III Internatsionala ul., Ulyanovsk, Russian Federation, 432017
I.S. Sokolova Komi Republican Oncology Dispensary, 46 Nyuvchimskoe sh., Syktyvkar, Republic of Komi, Russian Federation, 167904

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Keywords:

multiple myeloma, bone and extramedullary plasmacytomas, population-based study

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Maksim Valerevich Solovev, MD, PhD, National Research Center for Hematology, 4 Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167, e-mail: maxsolovej@mail.ru

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01.07.2026

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Vol. 19 No. 3 (2026)

CLINICAL TRIALS

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Solovev M.V., Mendeleeva L.P., Soloveva M.V., et al. Incidence and Prognostic Value of Bone and Extramedullary Plasmacytomas in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: Data from a Prospective Population-Based Study. Clinical Oncohematology. Basic Research and Clinical Practice. 2026;19(3):264–274. doi:10.21320/2500-2139-2026-19-3-264-274.

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