Stratification of Patients with Multiple Myeloma: State-of-the-Art and Prospects

AYu Aksenova1, AS Zhuk2, EI Stepchenkova1,3, SV Gritsaev4

1 Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 199034

2 ITMO National Research University, 49 lit. A Kronverkskii pr-t, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197101

3 NI Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Saint Petersburg branch, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 199034

4 Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 16 2-ya Sovetskaya ul., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 191024

For correspondence: Anna Yurevna Aksenova, PhD in Biology, 17 Botanicheskaya ul., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 198504; Tel.: +7(812)428-40-09; e-mail: a.aksenova@spbu.ru; Sergei Vasilevich Gritsaev, MD, PhD, 16 2-ya Sovetskaya ul., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 191024; Tel.: +7(812)717-54-68; e-mail: gritsaevsv@mail.ru

For citation: Aksenova AYu, Zhuk AS, Stepchenkova EI, Gritsaev SV. Stratification of Patients with Multiple Myeloma: State-of-the-Art and Prospects. Clinical oncohematology. 2022;15(3):259–70. (In Russ).

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2022-15-3-259-270


ABSTRACT

In recent years, there has been a substantial progress in improving progression-free survival (PFS) and quality of life of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. This has become possible through implementation of novel drugs into clinical practice which were developed on the basis of multiomic molecular genetic studies in MM. The results of these studies also enabled to assess genetic heterogeneity of tumor cells in MM. That allowed to identify types and prevalence of single-nucleotide variations, structural chromosomal aberrations, and abnormal copy numbers of chromosomes in the genome of malignant plasma cells. It was shown that MM patients can have quite different spectra of detected genetic defects in the tumor. High genetic disease heterogeneity is one of the major causes of differences in drug efficacy and PFS. The present review comprehensively discusses the value of some chromosomal aberrations in risk stratification of MM patients. It describes the most prevalent aberrations, also those associated with high and low risk of early MM progression which have already been included in different international prognostic scores. Besides, the additional aberrations were determined which are potentially applicable in clinical practice. Special attention was paid to risk assessment in case a number of different chromosome rearrangements are identified in a patient. The review outlines challenges and prospects of dealing with the information on chromosome rearrangements in choosing the most optimal treatment strategy and assessing of its efficacy. In this context, emphasis is laid on integrating genetic data and such clinical parameters as age, comorbidity, renal failure, bone lesions, indications for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, etc.

Keywords: multiple myeloma, international staging systems, chromosome rearrangements, R-ISS, R2-ISS, mSMART, MASS.

Received: March 28, 2022

Accepted: June 5, 2022

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Статистика Plumx английский

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