Chromothripsis in Oncology: Literature Review and Case Report

MYELOID TUMORS , , ,

NN Mamaev1, TL Gindina1, EG Boichenko2

1 RM Gorbacheva Scientific Research Institute of Pediatric Hematology and Transplantation; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 6/8 L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197022

2 Municipal Children’s Hospital No. 1, 14 Avangardnaya str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 198205

For correspondence: Tat’yana Leonidovna Gindina, PhD, 6/8 L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197022; Tel: +7(812)233-12-43; e-mail: cytogenetics.bmt.lab@gmail.com

For citation: Mamaev NN, Gindina TL, Boichenko EG. Chromothripsis in Oncology: Literature Review and Case Report. Clinical oncohematology. 2017;10(2):191–205 (In Russ).

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2017-10-2-191-205

ABSTRACT

The article presents a clinical case and literature review dwelling on the recently discovered chromothripsis phenomenon in oncology. Chromothripsis is a type of complex genome changes when a chromosome is first torn into dozens and even thousands of fragments, and then these fragments are bound in a random manner. Sometimes, several chromosomes are involved in the restructuring. As a result, genome mutant zones are formed which trigger malignancies and congenital diseases. In other words, the use of certain methodological approaches (multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization, SKY technique, and some others) permits to observe under a microscope the splitting of two or more chromosomes and further reunification of these fragments into new unusual two- or multicolor structures, chromosomal markers. Chromothripsis is a rare phenomenon with a peculiar pattern observed in clones of cells of various tumors including hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue malignancies. There are published data on a higher incidence of this phenomenon in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and bone tumors. TP53 gene mutations play an important role in the development of chromothripsis. The use of paired-sequencing DNA or SNP approaches in oncology is promising both in theoretical and clinical application. The first subject cohort should include patients with TP53 and MLL gene mutations, complex chromosomal aberrations, EVI-1 gene overexpression, and some others. The article presents the chromothripsis phenomenon in an 8-month-old girl with M7 acute myeloid leukemia.

Keywords: chromothripsis, oncohematology, cancer, TP53 gene mutations.

Received: October 2, 2016

Accepted: January 6, 2017

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