Safety and Efficacy of BeEAC as a Conditioning Regimen Prior to Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Relapsed/Refractory Lymphomas

VO Sarzhevskii, AA Samoilova, VYa Melnichenko, YuN Dubinina, NE Mochkin, DS Kolesnikova, DA Fedorenko, EG Smirnova, AE Bannikova, VS Bogatyrev

NI Pirogov Russian National Medical Center of Surgery, 70 Nizhnyaya Pervomaiskaya str., Moscow, Russian Federation, 105203

For correspondence: Anastasiya Aleksandrovna Samoilova, 70 Nizhnyaya Pervomaiskaya str., Moscow, Russian Federation, 105203; Tel.: +7(495)603-72-17; e-mail: samoylove03@gmail.com

For citation: Sarzhevskii VO, Samoilova AA, Melnichenko VYa, et al. Safety and Efficacy of BeEAC as a Conditioning Regimen Prior to Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Relapsed/Refractory Lymphomas. Clinical oncohematology. 2020;13(2):185–92 (In Russ).

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2020-13-2-185-192


ABSTRACT

Aim. To assess the safety and efficacy of BeEAC as a conditioning regimen prior to autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) in relapsed and primary resistant lymphomas (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03315520).

Materials & Methods. The trial included 113 patients with Hodgkin’s (HL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL). The patients were included into the protocol during the period from February 2016 to June 2018. Median follow-up was 26 months. Among the patients there were 58 men and 55 women. Median age was 33 years (range 18–65 years). In 72 patients HL and in 41 patients NHL (in 15 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, in 8 primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma, in 10 mantle cell lymphoma, in 4 peripheral T-cell lymphoma unspecified, and in 4 patients follicular lymphoma) were diagnosed. BeEAC conditioning regimen consisted of administering 160–200 mg/m2 bendamustine in increasing doses on Day –6 and Day –5 combined with fixed doses of 200 mg/m2 cytarabine every 12 hours, 200 mg/m2 etoposide, and 140 mg/kg cyclophosphamide from Day –4 to Day –1.

Results. In phase 1, when bendamustine dose was increased from 160 mg/m2 to 200 mg/m2, no dose-limiting toxicity was observed. Afterwards patients received 200 mg/m2 of bendamustine. The assessment of tumor status in 2–3 months after auto-HSCT showed that complete remission was achieved in 62.9 % (n = 71) of patients, partial remission in 16.8 % (n = 19) of patients, stabilization in 0.9 % (n = 1) of patients and progression in 15 % (n = 17) of patients. In 5 patients the treatment effect was not assessed. Early post-transplant mortality (up to Day +30) was 3.6 % (n = 4) and overall mortality within the follow-up period (median 26 months) was 23 % (n = 26). Overall survival in the whole cohort of patients for 12, 18, 24, and 36 months was 88 %, 82 %, 78 %, and 64 %, respectively, and progression-free survival was 61 %, 57 %, 54 %, and 40 %, respectively.

Conclusion. BeEAC proved to be relatively safe when applied as a conditioning regimen prior to auto-HSCT in HL and NHL patients. Further data need to be collected to finally assess the efficacy of this regimen and to conduct a retrospective comparative analysis of it and other conditioning regimens in lymphomas.

Keywords: high-dose chemotherapy, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, conditioning regimens, bendamustine, toxicity.

Received: September 6, 2019

Accepted: March 3, 2020

Read in PDF


REFERENCES

  1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer Statistics, 2019. CA: A Cancer J Clin. 2019;69(1):7–34. doi: 10.3322/caac.21551.

  2. Philip T, Guglielmi C, Hagenbeek A, et al. Autologous bone marrow transplantation as compared with salvage chemotherapy in relapses of chemotherapy-sensitive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 1995;333(23):1540–5. doi: 10.1056/nejm199512073332305.

  3. Damon LE, Johnson JL, Niedzwiecki D, et al. Immunochemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation for untreated patients with mantle-cell lymphoma: CALGB 59909. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(36):6101–8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.22.2554.

  4. Schouten HC, Qian W, Kvaloy S, et al. High-dose therapy improves progression-free survival and survival in relapsed follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: results from the randomized European CUP trial. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(21):3918–27. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2003.10.023.

  5. Российские клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению лимфопролиферативных заболеваний. Под ред. И.В. Поддубной, В.Г. Савченко. М.: Буки Веди, 2018. 155 с.

    [Poddubnaya IV, Savchenko VG, eds. Rossiiskie klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniyu limfoproliferativnykh zabolevanii. (Russian clinical guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders.) Moscow: Buki Vedi Publ.; 155 p. (In Russ)]

  6. Geisler CH, Kolstad A, Laurell A, et al. Nordic MCL2 trial update: six-year follow-up after intensive immunochemotherapy for untreated mantle cell lymphoma followed by BEAM or BEAC + autologous stem cell support: still very long survival but late relapses do occur. Br J Haemotol. 2012;158(3):355–62. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09174.x.

  7. Carreras E, Dufour C, Mohty M, Kroger N. (eds.) The EBMT Handbook. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies. Springer International Publishing; 2019. 702 р. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-02278-5.

  8. Visani G, Malerba L, Stefani PM, et al. BeEAM (bendamustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) before autologous stem cell transplantation is safe and effective for resistant/relapsed lymphoma patients. Blood. 2011;118(12):3419–25. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-04-351924.

  9. Chantepie SP, Garciaz S, Tchernonog E, et al. Bendamustine-based conditioning prior to autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT): Results of a French multicenter study of 474 patients from LYmphoma Study Association (LYSA) centers. Am J Hematol. 2018;93(6):729–35. doi: 10.1002/ajh.25077.

  10. Carella AM, Santini G, Giordano D, et al. High-Dose Chemotherapy and Non-Frozen Autologous Bone Marrow transplantation in Relapsed Advanced Lymphomas or Those Resistant to Convential Chemotherapy. Cancer. 1984;54(12):2836–9. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19841215)54:12<2836::aid-cncr2820541203>3.0.co;2-r.

  11. Caballero MD, Rubio V, Rifon J, et al. BEAM chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell support in lymphoma patients: analysis of efficacy, toxicity and prognostic factors. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1997;20(6):451–8. doi: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1700913.

  12. Jo JC, Kang BW, Jang G, et al. BEAC or BEAM high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients: comparative analysis of efficacy and toxicity. Ann Hematol. 2008;87(1):43–8. doi: 10.1007/s00277-007-0360-0.

  13. Shi Y, Liu P, Zhou S, et al. Comparison of CBV, BEAM and BEAC high‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: Efficacy and toxicity. Asia-Pacific J Clin Oncol. 2017;13(5):e423–e429. doi: 10.1111/ajco.12610.

  14. Sureda A, Constans M, Iriondo A, et al. Prognostic factors affecting long- term outcome after stem cell transplantation in Hodgkin’s lymphoma autografted after a first relapse. Ann Oncol. 2005;16(4):625–33. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdi119.

  15. Rauf MS, Maghfoor I, Elhassan TAM, Akhtar S. High-dose chemotherapy and auto-SCT for relapsed and refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients refractory to first-line salvage chemotherapy but responsive to second-line salvage chemotherapy. Med Oncol. 2015;32(1):388. doi: 10.1007/s12032-014-0388-7.

  16. Vose JM, Rizzo DJ, Tao-Wu J, et al. Autologus transplantation for diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma in first relapse or second remission. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2004;10(2):116–27. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2003.09.015.

  17. Vose JM, Zhang MJ, Rowlings PA, et al. Autologous Transplantation for Diffuse Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Patients Never Achieving Remission: A Report from the Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19(2):406–13. doi: 10.1200/jco.2001.19.2.406.