Clinical and Prognostic Value of Molecular Markers of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

REVIEWS , , , , , ,

SM Rastorguev1, DA Koroleva2, ES Boulygina1, SV Tsygankova1, NG Goncharov1, OS Naraikin1, NG Gabeeva2, EE Zvonkov2, AV Nedoluzhko1

1 National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1 Akademika Kurchatova sq., Moscow, Russian Federation, 123182

2 National Medical Hematology Research Center, 4а Novyi Zykovskii pr-d, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125167

For correspondence: Artem Valer’evich Nedoluzhko, PhD in Biology, 1 Akademika Kurchatova sq., Moscow, Russian Federation, 123182; Tel.: +7(916)670-55-95; e-mail: nedoluzhko@gmail.com

For citation: Rastorguev SM, Koroleva DA, Bulygina ES, et al. Clinical and Prognostic Value of Molecular Markers of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Clinical oncohematology. 2019:12(1):95–100.

DOI: 10.21320/2500-2139-2019-12-1-95-100

ABSTRACT

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoid tumor in adults which is associated with approximately 30–40 % of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Diagnostic criteria include diffuse growth of large anaplastic tumor cells, expression of В-cell markers, and a high proliferative index. Due to the development of molecular genetic technologies it became obvious that underlying cause of clinical diversity is a huge amount of genetic failures which determine epigenetic modification of gene expression, activation variability of certain signaling pathways, and immunological properties of tumor cells. The study and systemization of molecular markers present a significant trend in DLBCL diagnosis and treatment. This review discusses most important molecular markers and current view on their clinical value.

Keywords: lymphoma, DLBCL, B-cells, transcriptomics, gene expression, epigenomics, genomics.

Received: July 3, 2018

Accepted: December 10, 2018

Read in PDF 

REFERENCES

  1. Alizadeh AA, Eisen MB, Davis RE, et al. Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Nature. 2000;403(6769):503–11. doi: 10.1038/35000501.

  2. Rosenwald A, Alizadeh AA, Widhopf G, et al. Relation of gene expression phenotype to immunoglobulin mutation genotype in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Exp Med. 2001;194(11):1639–48. doi: 1084/jem.194.11.1639.

  3. Staudt LM, Dave S. The biology of human lymphoid malignancies revealed by gene expression profiling. Adv Immunol. 2005;87:163–208. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2776(05)87005-1.

  4. Звонков Е.Е., Морозова А.К., Кравченко С.К. и др. Восьмилетний опыт применения модифицированной программы NHL-BFM-90 в лечении взрослых больных первичной диффузной В-крупноклеточной лимфомой желудка. Гематология и трансфузиология. 2012;57(3):47–8.

    [Zvonkov EE, Morozova AK, Kravchenko SK, et al. Eight-year experience of using the modified NHL-BFM-90 program for treatment of adult patients with primary diffuse large B-cell gastric lymphoma. Gematologiya i transfuziologiya. 2012;57(3):47–8. (In Russ)]

  5. Магомедова А.У., Кравченко С.К., Кременецкая A.M. и др. Девятилетний опыт лечения больных диффузной В-крупноклеточной лимфосаркомой. Терапевтический архив. 2011;83(7):5–10.

    [Magomedova AU, Kravchenko SK, Kremenetskaya AM, et al. Nine-year experience in the treatment of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphosarcoma. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2011;83(7):5–10. (In Russ)]

  6. Гаврилина О.А., Габеева Н.Г., Морозова А.К. и др. Роль высокодозной химиотерапии и трансплантации аутологичных стволовых клеток крови у пациентов с диффузной В-крупноклеточной лимфомой. Терапевтический архив. 2013;85(7):90–7.

    [Gavrilina OA, Gabeeva NG, Morozova AK, et al. Role of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous blood stem cell transplantation in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2013;85(7):90–7. (In Russ)]

  7. Габеева Н.Г., Королева Д.А., Беляева А.В. и др. Диффузная В-крупноклеточная лимфома с сочетанной реаранжировкой генов c-MYC и BCL6 с первичным поражением кожи: собственное наблюдение и обзор литературы. Терапевтический архив. 2017;89(7):85–92.

    [Gabeeva NG, Koroleva DA, Belyaeva AV, et al. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with concomitant c-MYC and BCL6 gene rearrangements with primary skin involvement: A case report and a review of literature. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2017;89(7):85–92. (In Russ)]

  8. Martelli M, Ferreri AJ, Agostinelli C, et al. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2013;87(2):146–71. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.12.009.

  9. Cohen M, Vistarop AG, Huaman F, et al. Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle involvement in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Hematol Oncol. 2017;36(1):98–103. doi: 10.1002/hon.2465.

  10. Lenz G, Wright G, Dave SS, et al. Stromal gene signatures in large-B-cell lymphomas. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(22):2313–23. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802885.

  11. Wright G, Tan B, Rosenwald A, et al. A gene expression-based method to diagnose clinically distinct subgroups of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100(17): 9991–6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1732008100.

  12. Skryabin KG, Prokhortchouk EB, Mazur AM, et al. Combining Two Technologies for Full Genome Sequencing of Human. Acta Nat. 2009;1(3):102–7.

  13. Artemov AV, Boulygina ES, Tsygankova SV, et al. Study of Alzheimer Family Case Reveals Hemochromotosis-Associated HFE Mutation. Hum Gen Var. 2014;1(1):14004. doi: 10.1038/hgv.2014.4.

  14. Scelo G, Riazalhosseini Y, Greger L, et al. Variation in genomic landscape of clear cell renal cell carcinoma across Europe. Nat Commun. 2014;5(1):5135. doi: 10.1038/ncomms6135.

  15. Shipp MA, Ross KN, Tamayo P, et al. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma outcome prediction by gene-expression profiling and supervised machine learning. Nat Med. 2002;8(1):68–74. doi: 10.1038/nm0102-68.

  16. Scherer F, Kurtz DM, Newman AM, et al. Distinct biological subtypes and patterns of genome evolution in lymphoma revealed by circulating tumor DNA. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8(364):364ra155. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai8545.

  17. Lawrie CH, Soneji S, Marafioti T, et al. MicroRNA expression distinguishes between germinal center B cell-like and activated B cell-like subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Int J Cancer. 2007;121(5):1156–61. doi: 10.1002/ijc.22800.

  18. Malumbres R, Sarosiek KA, Cubedo E, et al. Differentiation stage–specific expression of microRNAs in B lymphocytes and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Blood. 2009;113(16):3754–64. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-10-184077.

  19. Zhu D, Fang C, Li X, et al. Predictive analysis of long non-coding RNA expression profiles in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget. 2017;8(14):23228–36. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.15571.

  20. Peng W, Fan H, Wu G, et al. Upregulation of long noncoding RNA PEG10 associates with poor prognosis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma with facilitating tumorigenicity. Clin Exp Med. 2016;16(2):177–82. doi: 10.1007/s10238-015-0350-9.

  21. Peng W, Feng J. Long noncoding RNA LUNAR1 associates with cell proliferation and predicts a poor prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016;77:65–71. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.001.

  22. Peng W, Wu J, Feng J. Long noncoding RNA HULC predicts poor clinical outcome and represents pro-oncogenic activity in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016;79:188–93. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.02.032.

  23. Yan Y, Han J, Li Z, et al. Elevated RNA expression of long non-coding HOTAIR promotes cell proliferation and predicts a poor prognosis in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Mol Med Rep. 2016;13(6):5125–31. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5190.

  24. Li L-J, Chai Y, Guo X-J, et al. The effects of the long non-coding RNA MALAT-1 regulated autophagy-related signaling pathway on chemotherapy resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;89:939–48. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.011.

  25. Sun J, Cheng L, Shi H, et al. A potential panel of six-long non-coding RNA signature to improve survival prediction of diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):27842. doi: 10.1038/srep27842.

  26. Verma A, Jiang Y, Du W, et al. Transcriptome sequencing reveals thousands of novel long non-coding RNAs in B cell lymphoma. Gen Med. 2015;7(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s13073-015-0230-7.

  27. Gutierrez-Garcia G, Cardesa-Salzmann T, Climent F, et al. Gene-expression profiling and not immunophenotypic algorithms predicts prognosis in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with immunochemotherapy. Blood. 2011;117(18):4836–43. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-322362.

  28. Schuetz JM, Johnson NA, Morin RD, et al. BCL2 mutations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia. 2012;26(6):1383–90. doi: 10.1038/leu.2011.378.

  29. Greenough A, Moffitt A, Jima D, et al. Strand-Specific Total RNA Sequencing Establishes the Complete Transcriptome and Alternative Splicing Repertoire in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Blood. 2014;124(21):864.

  30. Park HY, Lee SB, Yoo HY, et al. Whole-Exome and Transcriptome Sequencing of Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Oncotarget. 2016;7(52): 86433–45. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13239.

  31. Dekker JD, Park D, Shaffer AL, et al. Subtype-Specific Addiction of the Activated B-Cell Subset of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma to FOXP1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016;113(5):E577–86. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1524677113.

  32. Reddy A, Zhang J, Davis NS, et al. Genetic and Functional Drivers of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Cell. 2017;171(2):481–94.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.027.

  33. Saez AI, Saez AJ, Artiga MJ, et al. Building an outcome predictor model for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Am J Pathol. 2004;164(2):613–22. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63150-1.

  34. Campo E. MYC in DLBCL: partners matter. Blood. 2015;126(22):2439–40. doi: 10.1182/blood-2015-10-671362.

  35. Schmitz R, Wright GW, Huang DW, et al. Genetics and Pathogenesis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(15):1396–407. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1801445.

  36. Dubois S, Viailly PJ, Mareschal S, et al. Next-generation sequencing in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma highlights molecular divergence and therapeutic opportunities: a LYSA study. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22(12):2919–28. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-2305.

  37. Lohr JG, Stojanov P, Lawrence MS, et al. Discovery and prioritization of somatic mutations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) by whole-exome sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109(10):3879–84. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1121343109.

  38. Morin RD, Mungall K, Pleasance E, et al. Mutational and structural analysis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma using whole-genome sequencing. Blood. 2013;122(7):1256–65. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-02-483727.

  39. Pasqualucci L, Trifonov V, Fabbri G, et al. Analysis of the coding genome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Nat Genet. 2011;43(9):830–7. doi: 10.1038/ng.892.

  40. Roschewski M, Dunleavy K, Pittaluga S, et al. Circulating tumour DNA and CT monitoring in patients with untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a correlative biomarker study. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(5):541–9. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70106-3.

  41. Yeh P, Hunter T, Sinha D, Ftouni S, et al. Circulating tumour DNA reflects treatment response and clonal evolution in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Nat Commun. 2017;8:14756. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14756.

  42. Khare D, Goldschmidt N, Bardugo A, et al. Plasma microRNA profiling: Exploring better biomarkers for lymphoma surveillance. PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0187722. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187722.

  43. Meng Y, Quan L, Liu A. Identification of key microRNAs associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by analyzing serum microRNA expressions. Gene. 2018;642:205–11. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.022.

  44. Kurtz DM, Green MR, Bratman SV, et al. Noninvasive Monitoring of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma by Immunoglobulin High-Throughput Sequencing. Blood. 2015;125(24):3679–87. doi: 10.1182/blood-2015-03-635169.

  45. Cohen JD, Li L, Wang Y, et al. Detection and localization of surgically resectable cancers with a multi-analyte blood test. Science. 2018;359(6378):926–30. doi: 10.1126/science.aar3247.

  46. Shaknovich R, Melnick A. Epigenetics and B-Cell Lymphoma. Curr Opin Hematol. 2011;18(4):293–9. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0b013e32834788cf.

  47. Shaknovich R, Geng H, Johnson NA, et al. DNA methylation signatures define molecular subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2010;116(20):e81–9. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-05-285320.

  48. Lai AY, Fatemi M, Dhasarathy A, et al. DNA methylation prevents CTCF-mediated silencing of the oncogene BCL6 in B cell lymphomas. J Exp Med. 2010;207(9):1939–50. doi: 10.1084/jem.20100204.

  49. Kristensen LS, Hansen JW, Kristensen SS, et al. Aberrant Methylation of Cell-Free Circulating DNA in Plasma Predicts Poor Outcome in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Clin Epigen. 2016;8(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s13148-016-0261-y.

  50. Wedge E, Hansen JW, Garde C, et al. Global hypomethylation is an independent prognostic factor in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Am J Hematol. 2017;92(7):689–94. doi: 10.1002/ajh.24751.

  51. Krajnovic M, Jovanovic MP, Mihaljevic B, et al. Hypermethylation of p15 Gene in Diffuse – Large B‐Cell Lymphoma: Association with Less Aggressiveness of the Disease. Clin Transl Sci. 2014;7(5):384–90. doi: 10.1111/cts.12162.

  52. Chambwe N, Kormaksson M, Geng H, et al. Variability in DNA methylation defines novel epigenetic subgroups of DLBCL associated with different clinical outcomes. Blood. 2014;123(11):1699–708. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-509885.

  53. Clozel T, Yang S, Elstrom RL, et al. Mechanism-based epigenetic chemosensitization therapy of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Discov. 2013;3(9):1002–19. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-13-0117.

  54. Pan H, Jiang Y, Boi M, et al. Epigenomic evolution in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Nat Commun. 2015;6(1):6921. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7921.

  55. Jing L, Su L, Ring BZ. Ethnic Background and Genetic Variation in the Evaluation of Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(6):e97522. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097522.

  56. Li Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, et al. Racial Differences in Three Major NHL Subtypes: Descriptive Epidemiology. Cancer Epidemiol. 2015;39(1):8–13. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.12.001.